TCP/IP Model | Networking for Hacking

In this article, we gonna learn about the TCP/IP Model. 

#What is TCP/IP??

• It is a collection of a large number of protocols and services.
• Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
• The transmission control protocol(TCP) handles reliable delivery for messages of arbitrary size and defines a robust delivery mechanism for all kinds of data across a network.
• The Internet Protocol(IP) manages the routing of network transmissions from sender to receiver, along with issues related to network and computer addresses, and much more. 

TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP Reference Model:

    TCP / IP Reference Model Unlike the OSI model, the TCP / IP model was not defined as a model first and was used later. As discussed elsewhere, TCP / IP is the result of a US Department of Defense (DoD) program to connect research networks, called the ARPANET. Eventually, it connected hundreds of universities and government buildings using rented telephone wires.

    A clear need for something like TCP / IP arose, however, due to radio and satellite links. Not only did the existing systems not be equipped to run these new connections, but they could also manage the loss of subnet/network connections. Already connected sessions are used to find broken. Therefore, DoD was looking for a new protocol stack that could work reliably as long as the source and destination were still in mind, even if some of the channels (transmission lines and subnet/routers) were out.

The TCP / IP model has four layers - in fact, it has only three layers. That's right

1. Application layer,

2. Transportation layer and

3. the Network layer.

The exact space is below the network layer. The TCP / IP reference model does not specify what happens there. It simply expects the host to connect to a virtual network using a specific protocol to send IP packets over it. So, in reality, this layer is not defined and varies from network to network and even host to host.

1. Network Layer:

    A network layer is a network switch, based on an offline internet connection. This allows two consecutive packets, moving from the same source to the same location, to navigate two different routes, and arrive differently than they were sent. It is the job of the upper layers to rearrange them, before interpreting them. Tanenbaum provides a simple and effective comparison when comparing this with a snail mail system.

    This layer defines the official package format and protocol called Internet Protocol (IP). The network layer controls the transfer of IP packets to their respective locations. In addition to controlling congestion, for the reasons mentioned above, a flexible package route is very important here.

2. Transport Layer:

Similar to the transport layer in the OSI model, the transport layer here is a rhythm from end to end. The two main agreements are described here.

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a reliable connectivity-based protocol that allows a byte transmission from a single machine to be delivered uninterruptedly to the destination.
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is an unreliable, unconnected protocol for applications that do not need to track or control the flow of TCP or wish to provide their own.

Due to the existing requirements for sequencing and flow control, TCP is slower than UDP. This makes UDP a natural favorite for single-response response questions, as well as media streaming. TCP, on the other hand, is a natural option where reliable data delivery is required, such as file transfers.

3. Application layer:

The TCP / IP model has no session layers or presentations. It felt like they were not needed, as shown by the experience with the OSI model. The application layer, thus sitting right at the top of the transport layer, contains all the standard protocols. The most popular examples include telnet, FTP, and SMTP. They provide visual terminology, file transfers, and email services, respectively. Over the years, a host of other protocols were developed in this layer, which included the domain used for query, nntp used to download news, and HTTP providing web pages.

List of Protocols

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#Networking For Hacking:

1. Introduction to Networking 

2. Networking Devices

3. Transmission Media(Guided and Unguided)

4. Switching in Networking

5. OSI Model

6. OSI Model - Part 2

7. Functions of OSI Layers

8. TCP/IP Model

9. OSI vs TCP/IP

10. Internet Protocol(IP)

11. Internet Protocol Versions | Internet Versions Explained

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2. More on Linux

3. Installation

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5. Linux Commands - Part 2

6. Linux Commands - Part 3

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8. Linux Commands - Part 5

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