Functions of OSI Layer | Networking for Hacking

 In this article, we gonna learn about the functions of the Layers of the OSI Model.

So let's start...

#Functions of Application Layer:

Functions of OSI Layer

1. File Transfer, access, and management(FTAM): It allows the user to access files on a remote computer, retrieve files on a computer and manage files on a remote computer.
2. Directory Services: An application provides distributed sources and is used to provide global information about a variety of things.
3. Mail Services: The application Layer provides email transfer and storage space.

#Functions of Presentation Layer:

1. Encryption: Encryption is required to maintain privacy. Encryption is the process of converting sender information into another form and sending the resulting message over the network.
2. Compression: Data compression is a data compression process, that is, it reduces the number of bits to be transmitted. Data compression is very important in multimedia such as text, audio, video.
3. Translation: Processes in two systems exchange information about the character of letters, numbers, and more. Different computers use different encoding methods, and the presentation layer manages the interaction between different coding methods. Converts data from sender-dependent format to standard format and converts regular format to recipient-dependent format at the end of the receiver.

#Funtions of Session Layer:

1. Synchronization: The session layer adds test locations when sending data in sequence. If an error occurs during the data transfer, then the transfer will occur again from the test location. This process is known as Reconciliation and Recovery.
2. Dialog Control: The session layer serves as a chat control that creates a conversation between two processes or can mean that we allow communication between two processes to be half-double or full-duplex.

#Functions of Transport Layer:

1. Flow Control: The transport layer is also responsible for flow control but is done from the end rather than skipping a single link.
2. Error Control: The transport layer is responsible for error management. Error control is performed from the end with a single link. The sender delivery layer ensures that the message reaches the destination without error.
3. Segmentation and Reassembly: When a transport layer receives a message from the top layer, it splits the message into several segments, and each component is assigned a sequence number that specifically identifies each component. Once the message has reached its destination, the transit layer reassembles the message based on its sequence numbers.
4. Service-Point Addressing: Computers use several programs at once for this reason, transferring data from the source to the destination not only from one computer to another but also from one process to another. The transportation layer adds a header that contains an address known as the point of service point or port address. The network layer is responsible for transferring data from one computer to another and the responsibility of the transport layer is to transmit the message to the correct process.
5. Connection Control: The transport layer provides two services A connection-based service and an offline service. Offline service treats each component as per package, and they all travel in different directions to reach their destination. A connectivity-based service enables you to connect to the transport base of your destination before delivering packets. In a connectivity-focused service, all packets go in one direction.

#Functinos of Network Layer:

1. Packetizing: Network Layer receives packets from the top layer and converts them into packets. This process is known as Packetizing. Available via Internet protocol (IP).
2. Routing: Route is a major part of network coverage, and determines the best route from multiple routes from source to destination.
3. Addressing: The network layer adds source and local address to the header. The address is used to identify the device online.
4. Internetworking: Internet performance is a major responsibility for network coverage. It provides logical communication between different devices.

#Functions of Data Link Layer:

1. Physical Addressing: The data link layer adds a header to the frame that contains the destination address. The outline is forwarded to the destination address mentioned in the article.
2. Error Control: Error control is achieved by adding the calculated CRC (Cyclic Duplication) value set to the Datalink trailer layer added to the message frame before it is sent to the visual layer. If any errors appear to be taking place, the recipient will send a notice of relocation to the damaged frames.
3. Access Control: When two or more devices are connected to a single connection channel, the data link layer settings are used to determine which device controls the link at a given time.
4. Flow Control: Flow control is the main function of the Data-link layer. It is a way in which a fixed data rate is maintained on both sides so that no data is corrupted. It ensures that the transmission channel such as a high-speed processing server does not exceed the reception, which has a low processing speed.
5. Framing: The data link layer translates the raw bitstream into packets known as Frames. The data link layer adds a header and trailer to the frame. The header added to the frame contains the hardware location and source address.

#Functions of Physical layer:

1. Topology:  Describes how network devices are configured.
2. Signals: Determines the type of signal used to transmit information.
3. Data Transmission: Defines the transfer mode whether simple, half-duplex, or full-duplex mode between two devices in a network.
4. Line Configuration: Describes how two or more devices can be physically connected.

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1. Introduction to Networking 

2. Networking Devices

3. Transmission Media(Guided and Unguided)

4. Switching in Networking

5. OSI Model

6. OSI Model - Part 2

7. Functions of OSI Layers

8. TCP/IP Model

9. OSI vs TCP/IP

10. Internet Protocol(IP)

11. Internet Protocol Versions | Internet Versions Explained

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