OSI Model - Part 2 | Networking for Hacking

 In this article, we gonna continue the OSI Model and gonna understand the remaining 4 layers which are most important.

Let's start...

#Transport Layer:

• An important layer.
• To understand it, let's take a look. You are sending a large data file to one of your friends. But the data is too big to send in full. Either you may also see delays in sending data and receiving data or you may have the opportunity to lose some of your data due to poor connectivity. To solve this kind of problem, this layer separates the data into segments. So that there is no data loss and speed retention.
• Controls the data transfer across the network or connection.
• It controls the flow of data between organizations by dividing long data streams into simple data fragments (based on the allowed "package" size of a particular transmission method).
• Rearranges the pieces in their original order at the end of the reception.
• Provides successful shipping approval and requests are redirected to incorrect packages.
• The transport layer is responsible for delivering the message from one process to another.

#Network Layer:

• Manages messages for delivery, as well as translates logical network addresses and names from real partners.
• You are responsible for deciding how to transfer the route between computers.
• This layer also contains the resolutions needed to retrieve data from one location to the next on a network path.
• This layer also handles packet switching and controlling network congestion.

#Data Link Layer: 

• Manages special data frames (packets) between Network Layout and Visual Layer.
• At the end of the reception, this layer packs raw data from the Virtual layer into a data stand to be delivered to the Network layer.
• At a sending end, this layer handles the conversion of data into raw formats that can be handled by the Virtual Layer.

#Physical Layer(Visual Layer): 

• Converts bits into electronic signals from outgoing messages.
• Converts electronic signals into fragments of incoming messages.
• This layer controls the connection between the computer and the network area (coax, twisted pair cable, etc.).
• This layer tells the MAU driver software (Media Attachment Unit, eg network performance cards (NICs, modems, etc.)) what it means to be deployed locally.
• The bottom layer of the OSI Model.
• The visible layer is responsible for the movement of individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.

OSI Model

Previous Articles:

#Networking For Hacking:

1. Introduction to Networking 

2. Networking Devices

3. Transmission Media(Guided and Unguided)

4. Switching in Networking

5. OSI Model

6. OSI Model - Part 2

7. Functions of OSI Layers

8. TCP/IP Model

9. OSI vs TCP/IP

10. Internet Protocol(IP)

11. Internet Protocol Versions | Internet Versions Explained

#Linux for Absolute Beginners:

1. Introduction of New Blog

2. More on Linux

3. Installation

4. Linux Commands - Part 1

5. Linux Commands - Part 2

6. Linux Commands - Part 3

7. Linux Commands - Part 4

8. Linux Commands - Part 5

9. All Files & Directories Commands

10. File Editor & Manipulating Data Commands

11. All Programming Languages Commands

#Penetration Testing Tutorial for Absolute Beginners

1. Introduction to Penetration Testing

2. What is N-Map?

#Technical Tools Explanation

1. Log4J Tutorial

#Linux for Absolute Beginners in Hindi

1. Introduction of New Blog in Hindi